Combined hot-air and hot-water heater



' wardly from its margins heaters for dwellings and other 'ie urnin ue a ie '1. ea: tl b h f V l nl tl lo n chamber bnfles in fullexcept as to with connecting pipe19 .whereby' the false Patented Sept. 13,1927.

amino 3; oiaoinsiiig oi? a m-imam, W sconsin.

' I swam Linn raorwarnn HEKTER.

' r jtucaaoa filed Jan ar .12, 1927. Serial No; 160,554.

This invention relates to improvements in buildings,

with particular reference to that class of heaters known' as combined het' \v'ater and hot air l1catingsysteins;I

- 7 The object of this invention'is to provide means for utilizing the heat'of the fuel to the best possible "advantage. More particular- 1y stated, 5 the object ofthis invention is provide means whereby water container or boiler may, be so disposed with reference" t? the furnace as to. form" a helical passage'for the smoke and gases'of' combustion, the walls whichareso' disposed asto etie'ct a maximuin transfer of heat to the respective media, i. e, to the water-and ainjacketf -Thedrawing*is" vertical sectional view ofa heater embodying my invention, drawn generally-to a central plane but illustrating the water chamber or boiler and its helical parts which are to the air in the indicated as brokenaway terior.

The combustion chamber 10 0f the im proved heater, may be of any ordinary construction, ha ving a grate. 1 1,"and an ash'pit 12 bci'ngprovided below the grate. Centrallv disposedialbove the combustion chamber inane extending "downwardly into it to some extenjtfa': water chamber or boiler '13 is provided; Thiswa'ter chamber or boiler is substantially in the form of'a truncated inverted cone, the bottom l l of which is preferably dished or to a central apex To protect the bottom 14 from direct the fuel n the combustion contact with chamber 10,

employed. This will preferably'be made of cast metal conforming generally to the contour of the bottom it but having a marg nal flange 17 provided with bayonet jolnt slots 18 whereby 'it may be rotatively engaged bottom may be suspended in position of substantial contact with the bottom 1 The water chamber or boiler 13 is provided with a series of hemispherical heat absorbing knobs 2%,preferably formed by pressing the material rof which the wall is composed outwardly by adrawing or em bossing operation performedupon the blank before rolling the blank upon a nandrel to 'tures 26 at suitable intervals.

any suitable means,-

welding operation. .L

LO a

cylindrical wall 28 of the heater;

" forming a jacket'ca service pipes maybe connected and enter to show the -1n-' this pipe The air inlet for the a ir'ja'cketcavity conically tapered upa removable false bottom 16 is p and projections 20,

flange .25 extending from its bottom to a pomt near the top and provided with apert This flange may be secured to the wall of the chamberby such for example, as-a The flange progressively narrows in {width from the bottom to the 'topin propoi'tion to the increase in thedia'm- -eter of the boiler chamber, whereby the outer margin of the flange may be fittedto' the p The cylind'rica'l wa ll 28 is closed at'the top by a suitform the wall of the chamber. The boiler is also preferably formed 'with a helical 3O extends laterally fr'om its upper end pee tion:v "An-router jacket, 'prefe'ably having also cylindrical wall 31 tapered truncated 'cap 32" contour employed for 'hot has a. conically of the o rd'inary air furnaces and vity or space 33 for" hot air, outlets being indicated at 34 to which to the apartments tobe heated.

The water container or boiler is provided with one or more service p1pes36 leading from 1ts upper portion to radiators (not shown) in the apartments to be heated.

The return fiow pipe 37 leads to the low r portion of the boiler in the ordinary manner and the flow is controlled by the valw 38.

Another'pipe 39 may operate as'a drain pipe, belng provided with a valve at 40.

indicated at ll.

- I It will be observed that the passage for The drawing is not intended t0 indicate the exact degree of convergence necessary to any given installation, the degree of convergence being an engineering problem to be solved in accordance with well known formulae when the size of the heater, the character of the fuel, and other conditionsrunder which it is to operate are known.

In the operation of the improved heater. the smol'i and gases of combustion will oi course follow the helical passage 4% except as to those portions which pass through the apertures 26. The portions which pass through the apertures 26 lorm ascending jets which tend to break up the continuity of the current of heated gas, and increase the tendency for all portions thereof to be brought into contact with the inner and outer walls of the passage, whereby maximum heat transtler through such walls is jn'omoted. Owing to the fact that the scs 'lollow a helical path centrifugal force will be de'vch oped which tend to cause them to press against the outer wall 28 and thereby promote heat transfer into the air in the encircling annularchamber 33. llowever, the convergence Off the wall. of the'water chamber .13 toward the wall 28 is such as to maintain a substantialli uniform density of the gases of combustion from bottom to top, except for a slight increase in density along the wall 28 due to centrifugal force. llhcretore, the pressure of the molecules upon the water chamber is generally maintained and, kept uniform from the bottom to the top of that chamber. This is a very important feature of the invention in that a maximum transi'ercnce of heat may be effected, the. heat of the water, the gases of cm'i'ibustion and of the air in the chan'iber 33, approaching equalization in the upper part of the furnace. although the rapid tlow of air through the air jacket cavity tends to keep the temperature of the air considerably lower than that of the gases of combustion, with :1 corresponding increased rapidity of heat transfer to the air.

I claim l. A combined hot ai 7' and hot *ater heater, comprising the combination with a combustion chamber, of a hotwater container in the term of an inverted truncated cone encircled by a helical flange which progressively narrows in width upwardly, a cylindrical wall enclosing the outer margins of said flange and :t'orming with the walls of the water container and the flange a helical smoke passage, an outer jacket spaced from said wall to "Form an air chan'iber and provided with inlet and outlet apertures in its lowe" and upper portions respectively, and service pipe and return connections for said water container.

A hot air heater provided with a combustion chamber and an air jacket and having a water container centrally disposed above the combustion chamber and provided with downwardly converging walls, said downwardly converging walls being spaced from the inner wall of the air jacket and provided with ballle flanges torn'iing an air passage extending upwardly along a generally helical line about the water container, said flange being apertured at suitable intervals to promoti ascending jets across the helical path oi the main current.

I). In a con'ibined hot water and hot air furnace, the con'lbination with a combustion chamber, of a superposed water container, an enclosii'ig air chamber, and an interveir ing smoke line which progressively narrows 'l'rom bottom to top in general proportion to the din'iinishing volume of gases of combustion, due to loss of heat.

it. In a combined hot water and hot air furnace, the combination with a combustion chamber, oil a superposed water container, an enclosiiig air chamber, and an intervening smokeflue which progressively narrows from bottom to top in general proportion to the din'iinishing VOlIlIIlO of gases of combustion. due to loss otheat, said smoke flue being of a generally helical form and encircling the water container and provided with a smoke outlet at its upper end, the lower end being open to the combustion chamber.

BRUNO B. CHOLNSKI. 

